Instead of manganese, NCA uses aluminum to increase stability. NCA batteries share nickel-based advantages with NMC, including high energy density and specific power. #2: Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) Several NMC combinations have seen commercial success, including NMC811 (composed of 80% nickel, 10% manganese, and 10% cobalt), NMC532, and NMC622. However, high nickel content can make the battery unstable, which is why manganese and cobalt are used to improve thermal stability and safety. NMC cathodes typically contain large proportions of nickel, which increases the battery’s energy density and allows for longer ranges in EVs. #1: Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) With that in mind, let’s take a look at the six major lithium-ion cathode technologies. This composition ultimately determines the battery’s capacity, power, performance, cost, safety, and lifespan. The cathode material typically contains lithium along with other minerals including nickel, manganese, cobalt, or iron. Typically, the mineral composition of the cathode is what changes, making the difference between battery chemistries. The anodes of most lithium-ion batteries are made from graphite. Understanding the Six Main Lithium-ion TechnologiesĮach of the six different types of lithium-ion batteries has a different chemical composition. This is the first of two infographics in our Battery Technology Series. The above infographic shows the tradeoffs between the six major lithium-ion cathode technologies based on research by Miao et al. However, there are many types of lithium-ion batteries, each with pros and cons. Lithium-ion batteries are at the center of the clean energy transition as the key technology powering electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems. The Six Types of Lithium-ion Batteries: A Visual Comparison
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